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Due to its position on the route that, through the Monginevro Pass, linked the Rhône Valley with the Po Valley, since Roman times with the station ad Martis, it was a center equipped with public buildings designed to provide services for armies, merchants, and travelers. Between the 11th and 15th centuries, the history of Oulx and the Upper Susa Valley is therefore connected to the Priory of San Lorenzo, a reference point for pilgrims and travelers, of which few traces remain in the Abbey area, and to the Escarton of Oulx, an economic and political reference point for the Upper Susa Valley.
The town retains an Old Town characterized by valuable civil architecture, a significant memory of a rich and active community, with the presence of noble residences such as Bermond House or Des Ambrois House.
A significant religious presence is constituted by the parish church of S. Maria Assunta (10th century) rebuilt at the end of the 19th century, preserving prestigious 18th-century wooden carvings from the main altar to the main portal. The Old Town is then dominated by the Delphinal Tower, probably erected between 1350 and 1377, with a role more related to the presence of royal officials in the area than to actual military purposes. The mountainous slopes of Oulx between walks, refuges, and ancient alpine villages are enriched by small and important chapels such as San Claudio in Gad, San Michele in Beaulard, San Bartolomeo in Chateux Beaulard with the retable by Chaffrey Faure and a panel by Dufour, not to mention in Savoulx the church of S. Gregorio Magno with a 15th-century structure but decorated with rich 16th-century polychrome frescoes.
Being a strategic point of power had consequences on the passage and settlement of armies, with the obligation of sustenance by the population. For this reason, the sovereign granted the community the right to hold the Fiera Franca annually, free from taxes and with the right of exemption, an event that has been repeated for over 520 years every first Sunday in October. There are many events and manifestations in Oulx, from the biennial Boster fair to Oulx Lab, which sees the involvement of high school students engaging in rap music with the presence of international artists.